PROTOCOLOS CLÍNICOS E DIRETRIZES TERAPÊUTICAS

Anemia em Pacientes com Insuficiência Renal Crônica – Alfaepoetina Anemia em Pacientes com Insuficiência Renal Crônica – Alfaepoetina 12 R eferências Bibliográficas 1. Hsu CY, Bates DW, Kuperman GJ, Curhan GC. Relationship between hematocrit and renal function in men and women. Kidney Int. 2001;59(2):725-31. 2. Kazmi WH, Kausz AT, Khan S, Abichandani R, Ruthazer R, Obrador GT, et al. Anemia: an early complication of chronic renal insufficiency. Am J Kidney Dis. 2001;38(4):803-12. 3. Berns JS. Erythropoietin for the anemia of chronic kidney disease in hemodialysis patients [Internet]. Waltham (MA): UpToDate; 2009 [cited 2010 May 20]. Available from: http://www.uptodate.com/patients/content/topic.do ?topicKey=~yYkpYJgCgMsBCSc&selectedTitle=1~150. 4. Fishbane S. Hematologic Aspects of Kidney Disease. In: Brenner BM, editor. Brenner and Rector’s The Kidney. 8th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2007. p. 1728-38. 5. Eschbach JW, Cook JD, Scribner BH, Finch CA. Iron balance in hemodialysis patients. Ann Intern Med. 1977;87(6):710-3. 6. Abramson JL, Jurkovitz CT, Vaccarino V, Weintraub WS, McClellan W. Chronic kidney disease, anemia, and incident stroke in a middle-aged, community-based population: the ARIC Study. Kidney Int. 2003;64(2):610-5. 7. Jurkovitz CT, Abramson JL, Vaccarino LV, Weintraub WS, McClellan WM. Association of high serum creatinine and anemia increases the risk of coronary events: results from the prospective community-based atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2003;14(11):2919-25. 8. Sarnak MJ, Tighiouart H, Manjunath G, MacLeond B, Griffith J, Salem D, et al. Anemia as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;40(1):27-33. 9. McClellan WM, Flanders WD, Langston RD, Jurkovitz C, Presley R. Anemia and renal insufficiency are independent risk factors for death among patients with congestive heart failure admitted to community hospitals: a population-based study. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2002;13(7):1928-36. 10. Locatelli F, Pisoni RL, Combe C, Bommer J, Andreucci VE, Piera L, et al. Anaemia in haemodialysis patients of five European countries: association with morbidity and mortality in the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS). Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2004;19(1):121-32. 11. Levin A. The relationship of haemoglobin level and survival: direct or indirect effects? Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2002;17(Suppl 5):8-13. 12. Eschbach JW, Abdulhadi MH, Browne JK, Delano BG, Downing MR, Egrie JC, et al. Recombinant human erythropoietin in anemic patients with end-stage renal disease. Results of a phase III multicenter clinical trial. Ann Intern Med. 1989;111(12):992-1000. 13. Phrommintikul A, Haas SJ, Elsik M, Krum H. Mortality and target haemoglobin concentrations in anaemic patients with chronic kidney disease treated with erythropoietin: a meta-analysis. Lancet. 2007;369(9559):381-8. 14. Jones M, Ibels L, Schenkel B, Zagari M. Impact of epoetin alfa on clinical end points in patients with chronic renal failure: a meta-analysis. Kidney Int. 2004;65(3):757-67. 15. Vanrenterghem Y, Bárány P, Mann JF, Kerr PG, Wilson J, Baker NF, et al. Randomized trial of darbepoetin alfa for treatment of renal anemia at a reduced dose frequency compared with rHuEPO in dialysis patients. Kidney Int. 2002;62(6):2167-75. 16. Revicki DA, Brown RE, Feeny DH, Henry D, Teehan BP, Rudnick MR, et al. Health-related quality of life associated with recombinant human erythropoietin therapy for predialysis chronic renal disease patients. Am J Kidney Dis. 1995;25(4):548-54. 17. Alexander M, Kewalramani R, Agodoa I, Globe D. Association of anemia correction with health related quality of life in patients not on dialysis. Curr Med Res Opin. 2007;23(12):2997-3008. 18. Cody J, Daly C, Campbell M, et al. Recombinant human erythropoietin for chronic renal failure anaemia in pre-dialysis patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;(3):CD003266. 19. Gouva C, Nikolopoulos P, Ioannidis JP, Siamopoulos KC. Treating anemia early in renal failure patients slows the decline of renal function: a randomized controlled trial. Kidney Int. 2004;66(2):753-60. 20. Drüeke TB, Locatelli F, Clyne N, Eckardt KU, Macdougall IC, Tsakiris D, et al. Normalization of hemoglobin level in patients with chronic kidney disease and anemia. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(20):2071-84. 21. Macdougall IC, Temple RM, Kwan JT. Is early treatment of anaemia with epoetin-alpha beneficial to pre- dialysis chronic kidney disease patients? Results of a multicentre, open-label, prospective, randomized, comparative group trial. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2007;22(3):784-93. Epub 2006 Sep 12. 65